Physiological sensors are essential devices for measuring and monitoring bodily functions. They capture signals such as cardiac activity (ECG), muscular activity (EMG), brain activity (EEG), and many other vital parameters. These sensors are integrated into data acquisition chains for precise and continuous collection of physiological information.

Signal processing is crucial to extract useful information from raw, often noisy data. Digital and analog filtering techniques, as well as pattern recognition methods, are used to transform these data into actionable information, facilitating diagnosis and monitoring.

Physiological sensors are also used for stimulation, providing minimally invasive solutions for applications such as neurofeedback and remediation. They can use electrical, vibratory, or magnetic stimuli to influence physiological activity, thereby improving motor function or treating certain neurological conditions.

The integration of biosignals into cyber-physical systems enables the detection of changes in cognitive states, offering potential applications in the detection and prevention of negative states such as stress or cognitive overload. These systems can monitor workers’ cognitive states in real time, allowing quick interventions to prevent accidents or improve productivity.

Some examples of applications:

• Health monitoring: cardiac monitoring, blood glucose tracking, etc.

• Rehabilitation and therapy: motor rehabilitation, neurofeedback, etc.

• Sports and athletic performance: performance analysis, injury prevention, etc.

• Medical research: clinical studies, neuroscience research, etc.

• Professional environments: safety monitoring, stress management, etc.

• Wearable technologies and consumer applications: smartwatches and fitness bands, meditation and mindfulness apps, etc.